北宋校正医书局校改《千金要方》病名例析*

作者：胡 晶1，孟庆鸿1，李文飞2，翟 甜1，陈泽霖3，曾 凤1

单位：1.北京中医药大学国学院，北京 102488； 2.中国中医科学院博士后科研流动站，北京 100700； 3.北京中医药大学中医学院，北京 102488

引用：引用：胡晶，孟庆鸿，李文飞，翟甜，陈泽霖，曾凤.北宋校正医书局校改《千金要方》病名例析[J].中医药导报,2026,32(4):246-248,259.

DOI：10.13862/j.cn43-1446/r.2026.04.041

PDF： 下载PDF

摘要：

现今通行本《备急千金要方》（宋校本）经北宋校正医书局整理修订，在较大程度上与孙思邈原著原貌有异。宋校本与早期传本《新雕孙真人千金方》存在相当数量的病名异文，大多源自宋臣校改。选取典型案例，对宋臣修改病名的特点加以分析归纳：其一，规范病名用字，以“疒”为形符调整病名书写，如将“鬼注”“编病”改为“鬼疰”“■病”；其二，丰富病名内涵，融入病因或病症相关内容，如将“瘾疹”“劳损”分别易名为“风疹”“蓐劳”，既突出了病名特异性，也丰富了病名的内涵，由此增强了该书的临床实用性。然而，宋臣囿于儒学背景，缺乏系统的医学知识，其对病名的校改存在医理方面的偏差，对后世产生一定消极影响。宋校医书病名文献的不确定性值得重视；现今学界研究和使用宋校医书时，应秉持审慎态度，循名责实，先期做好充分的文献考证。

关键词：《备急千金要方》；北宋校正医书局；《新雕孙真人千金方》；病名异文；文献考证

Abstract：

The currently circulating edition of Beiji Qianjin Yaofang (the Song collated edition), which was collated and revised by the Bureau of Collating and Revising Medical Books in the Northern Song Dynasty, differs significantly from the original work by SUN Simiao. There are a considerable number of variations in disease names between the Song collated edition and the earlier version Xindiao SUN Zhenren Qianjin Fang, most of which originate from the revisions made by the Song officials. This paper selects typical cases to analyze and summarize the characteristics of the disease name revisions by the Song officials: Firstly, standardize the characters used in disease names, and adjust the writing of disease names with "疒" (sickness radical) as the radical, for example, changing "guizhu" (鬼注) and "bianbing" (编病) to "guizhu" (鬼疰) and "pianbing" (■病). Secondly, enrich the connotations of disease names by incorporating content related to etiology or symptoms; for instance, renaming "yinzhen" (hidden rash) and "laosun" to "fengzhen" and "rulao" respectively. This not only highlights the specificity of the disease names but also enriches their connotations, thereby enhancing the clinical practicability of the book. However, constrained by their Confucian background and lacking systematic medical knowledge, the Song officials' revisions of disease names had deviations in medical principles, which exerted certain negative impacts on later generations. The uncertainty in the disease name literature of medical books collated by the Song Dynasty deserves attention. When the academic community studies and uses the Song-collated medical books nowadays, it should adopt a prudent attitude, examine names to verify their realities, and conduct sufficient documentary research in advance.

Key words：Beiji Qianjin Yaofang; Bureau of Collating and Revising Medical Books in the Northern Song Dynasty; Xindiao Sun Zhenren Qianjin Fang; variant disease names; documentary research

发布时间：2026-04-26

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