我国孕妇中医体质分布及其与妊娠期疾病关系的Meta分析*

作者：钟 虹1，李崇雯1，陈沁群1，刘桂清2，魏 航1,3

单位：1.广州中医药大学医学信息工程学院，广东 广州 510006； 2.广州中医药大学第一附属医院，广东 广州 510405； 3.广州中医药大学智能中医研究院，广东 广州 510006

引用：引用：钟虹，李崇雯，陈沁群，刘桂清，魏航.我国孕妇中医体质分布及其与妊娠期疾病关系的Meta分析[J].中医药导报,2026,32(3):198-204.

DOI：10.13862/j.cn43-1446/r.2026.03.031

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摘要：

目的：探讨我国孕妇中医体质的分布规律，及妊娠期疾病与中医体质的相关性，为今后妊娠期疾病的防治和产后恢复的中医用药指导提供循证医学依据。方法：检索中国知网（CNKI）、万方数据知识服务平台（Wanfang Data）、维普中文期刊服务平台（CSTJ）、PubMed、Web of Science、Cochrane Library及Embase建库至2025年4月30日所有评价孕妇与中医体质相关性的临床研究文献，采用Rversion 4.4.1进行横断面研究单组率的Meta分析，Review Manager 5.3软件进行病例对照研究的Meta分析。结果：共纳入50项研究，18 110名孕妇。平和质、痰湿质、阳虚质、气虚质分别占孕妇群体的25.6%[95%CI（19.8%，32.3%）]、10.7%[95%CI（8.8%，13.0%）]、10.5%[95%CI（9.0%，12.2%）]、10.2%[95%CI（8.5%，12.1%）]。地域和患病情况会影响中医体质分布。病例对照研究的Meta分析显示，痰湿质孕妇患有妊娠期糖尿病的风险较高[OR=2.02，95%CI（1.72，2.37）]；阳虚质、血瘀质、气郁质孕妇群体妊娠腹痛风险的OR值分别为2.00[95%CI（1.31，3.04）]、1.89[95%CI（1.20，2.98）]和1.86[95%CI（1.13，3.07）]。结论：孕妇较一般人群更易出现偏颇体质，其中痰湿质最为常见。痰湿质也是妊娠期糖尿病的危险因素；阳虚质、血瘀质、气郁质则与妊娠腹痛有高相关性。但研究可能存在发表偏倚，有待开展更高质量的临床试验加以验证。

关键词：妊娠期疾病；孕妇；中医体质；Meta分析

Abstract：

Objective: To explore the distribution patterns of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) constitutions among pregnant women in China and their correlation with gestational diseases, so as to provide evidence-based medical basis for the prevention and treatment of gestational diseases and the guidance of TCM medication for postpartum recovery in the future. Methods: Clinical studies on the correlation between pregnant women and TCM constitutions were retrieved from China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform (Wanfang Data), VIP Chinese Journal Service Platform, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and Embase from the establishment of each database to April 30, 2025. Meta-analysis of single-group rates in cross-sectional studies was performed using R version 4.4.1, and Meta-analysis of case-control studies was conducted using Review Manager 5.3. Results: A total of 50 studies involving 18,110 pregnant women were included. The proportions of balanced constitution, phlegm-dampness constitution, Yang-deficiency constitution, and Qi-deficiency constitution among pregnant women were 25.6% [95% CI(19.8%, 32.3%)], 10.7% [95% CI(8.8%, 13.0%)], 10.5% [95% CI(9.0%, 12.2%)], and 10.2% [95% CI(8.5%, 12.1%)], respectively. Regional distribution and disease status affected the distribution of TCM constitutions. Meta-analysis of case-control studies showed that pregnant women with phlegm-dampness constitution had a higher risk of gestational diabetes mellitus [OR=2.02, 95% CI(1.72, 2.37)]. The OR values of the risk of abdominal pain during pregnancy in pregnant women with Yang-deficiency constitution, blood stasis constitution, and Qi-stagnation constitution were 2.00 [95% CI(1.31, 3.04)], 1.89 [95% CI(1.20, 2.98)], and 1.86 [95% CI(1.13, 3.07)], respectively. Conclusion: Pregnant women are more likely to have biased constitution than the general population, among which phlegm-dampness is the most common. Phlegm-dampness constitution is also a risk factor for gestational diabetes mellitus. Yang-deficiency constitution, blood stasis constitution, and Qi-stagnation constitution are highly correlated with abdominal pain during pregnancy. However, publication bias may exist in the studies, and high-quality clinical trials are needed for further verification.

Key words：gestational diseases; pregnant women; traditional Chinese medicine constitution; Meta-analysis

发布时间：2026-03-28

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