通督醒脑针刺法对脑缺血再灌注后学习记忆障碍大鼠的影响及机制研究*

作者：陈雪妮1，张 茜1，武 扬2，秦 杰1，赵保东2，张 捷2

单位：1.山西中医药大学，山西 太原 030619； 2.山西省中医院，山西 太原 030010

引用：引用：陈雪妮，张茜，武扬，秦杰，赵保东，张捷.通督醒脑针刺法对脑缺血再灌注后学习记忆障碍大鼠的影响及机制研究[J].中医药导报,2026,32(5):13-19.

DOI：10.13862/j.cn43-1446/r.2026.05.003

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摘要：目的：观察通督醒脑针刺法对脑缺血再灌注（CIR）大鼠认知功能的影响，并进一步探讨其可能机制。方法：从65只雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠中随机抽取15只设为空白组，另抽15只作为假手术组（仅对血管实施钝性分离操作），其余35只大鼠借助线栓法构建右侧大脑中动脉缺血再灌注损伤模型，实验过程中，2只造模不成功、3只死亡，随后将剩余大鼠随机划分为电针组及模型组，两组均为15只。通过观察神经功能缺损评分、Morris水迷宫、TTC染色、海马CA1区神经元尼氏染色、海马组织病理HE染色、海马组织中SOD、MDA及ROS表达水平、血清中IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α水平、大脑缺血区海马组织中Beclin-1及LC3蛋白表达，探讨通督醒脑针刺法对CIR大鼠认知功能的影响。结果：与空白组及假手术组比较，模型组神经功能缺损评分显著升高（P<0.01），逃避潜伏期显著延长（P<0.01），穿越原平台次数显著减少（P<0.01），脑梗死体积明显增大（P<0.01），海马CA1区神经元形态不完整并且数量变少，海马CA1区组织细胞核减少且排列紊乱，胶质细胞核增多，形态结构异常，炎症细胞激增，存在空泡结构，血清IL-1β、IL-6及TNF-α表达水平增高（P<0.05），大鼠海马组织中ROS及MDA表达水平上升，SOD表达下降（P<0.05），海马区Beclin-1、LC3蛋白表达水平升高（P<0.05）；与模型组比较，电针组神经功能缺损评分显著降低（P<0.01），逃避潜伏期显著缩短（P<0.01），穿越原平台次数显著增加（P<0.01），脑梗死体积明显减小（P<0.01），海马CA1区神经元形态改善并且数量变多，海马CA1区组织细胞核排列变整齐，形态结构改善，血清IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α水平降低（P<0.05），海马组织ROS、MDA表达降低，SOD活性升高（P<0.05），海马区Beclin-1、LC3蛋白表达水平进一步升高（P<0.05）。结论：通督醒脑针刺法可以上调CIR大鼠海马组织中Beclin-1及LC3的表达，改善炎症与氧化应激指标，提高学习记忆能力，减轻神经元细胞损伤，这可能与调节自噬网络系统相关。

关键词：脑缺血再灌注；电针；苄氯素1；微管相关蛋白轻链3；学习记忆；认知功能；大鼠

Abstract：

Objective: To observe the effects of Tongdu Xingnao acupuncture on cognitive function in rats with cerebral ischemia and reperfusion (CIR), and to explore the possible mechanisms. Methods: Among 65 male Sprague-Dawley rats, 15 were randomly selected as the blank group, and another 15 were selected as the sham operation group. In this group of rats, only the blood vessels were subjected to a temporary separation operation, while the remaining 35 rats were used to construct the right middle cerebral artery ischemia-reperfusion injury model by the suture method. During the experiment, 2 rats failed to model successfully and 3 rats died. Subsequently, the remaining rats were randomly divided into the electroacupuncture group and the model group, with 15 rats in each group. The effects of Tongdu Xingnao acupuncture on the cognitive function of CIR rats were evaluated through neurological deficit scores, Morris water maze tests, TTC staining, Nissl staining of neurons in the CA1 region of the hippocampus, HE staining of hippocampal tissue pathology, expression levels of SOD, MDA, and ROS in hippocampal tissue, serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, and the expression levels of Beclin-1 and LC3 proteins in the ischemic hippocampal tissue. Results: Compared to the blank group and sham operation group, the model group showed a significant improvement in neurological deficit scores (P<0.01), a significantly prolonged escape latency (P<0.01), a marked decrease in the number of crossings over the original platform (P<0.01), and a significant increase in cerebral infarction volume (P<0.01). The neurons in the CA1 region of the hippocampus in the model group exhibited incomplete morphology and a reduction in number, with fewer and disordered cell nuclei, an increase in glial cell nuclei, abnormal morphology and structure, a surge in inflammatory cells, and vacuolar structures. Serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were elevated in the model group (P<0.05). In the rat hippocampal tissue, the levels of ROS and MDA increased, while SOD levels decreased in the model group (P<0.05). The expression levels of Beclin-1 and LC3 proteins in the hippocampal region also increased in the model group (P<0.05). Compared to the model group, the electroacupuncture group showed a significant decrease in neurological deficit scores (P<0.01), a significantly shortened escape latency (P<0.01), a significant increase in crossings over the original platform (P<0.01), and a significant reduction in cerebral infarction volume (P<0.01). The neurons in the CA1 region of the hippocampus showed improved morphology and an increase in number in the electroacupuncture group, with more organized cell nuclei and improved morphology and structure. Serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α decreased in the electroacupuncture group (P<0.05). The levels of ROS and MDA in the hippocampal tissue decreased, while the SOD levels increased in the electroacupuncture group (P<0.05). The expression levels of Beclin-1 and LC3 proteins in the hippocampal region further increased in the electroacupuncture group  (P<0.05). Conclusion: Tongdu Xingnao acupuncture can increase the expression of Beclin-1 and LC3 in hippocampal tissue of CIR rats, improve inflammation and oxidative stress indicators, improve learning and memory ability, and reduce neuronal cell damage, which may be related to the regulation of autophagy network system.

Key words：cerebral ischemia-repercussion; electroacupuncture; Beclin-1; LC3; learning and memory; cognitive function; rat

发布时间：2026-05-23

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