职校新生超重和肥胖与中医体质相关性研究*

作者：廖 思，李芳莉，吴 昊，伍少敏

单位：北京中医药大学深圳医院（龙岗），广东 深圳 518000

引用：引用：廖思，李芳莉，吴昊，伍少敏.职校新生超重和肥胖与中医体质相关性研究[J].中医药导报,2025,31(11):95-100.

DOI：10.13862/j.cn43-1446/r.2025.11.017

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摘要：

目的：探讨职校大学新生超重和肥胖的相关危险因素、保护因素及高危体质。方法：采用中医体质量表和电子体检秤对深圳信息职业技术学院2021—2024年入学的新生进行中医体质判定和体质量指数（BMI）测量，根据BMI是否符合正常、超重和肥胖标准，将新生分为正常体质量组、超重和肥胖组。运用二元Logistic回归分析探讨超重和肥胖组新生的相关危险、保护因素及高危体质。结果：共纳入6 569名大学新生为调查对象，两组性别、吸烟史、饮酒史、膳食结构、家族史差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。超重和肥胖组气虚质、痰湿质、湿热质、气郁质较多，而正常体质量组阳虚质、阴虚质、血瘀质、特禀质较多，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。在男性中，正常体质量组平和质、阴虚质、特禀质较多，超重和肥胖组气虚质、痰湿质、气郁质较多，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；在女性中，正常体质量组平和质、阴虚质、血瘀质、特禀质较多，超重和肥胖组气虚质、痰湿质、湿热质、气郁质较多，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。通过一般人口学特征与体质分型等因素Logistic回归分析，发现在体质影响因素中，气虚质（B=0.463，P＜0.001）、痰湿质（B=1.058，P＜0.001）、湿热质（B=0.201，P=0.037）、气郁质（B=0.468，P＜0.001）是超重和肥胖的危险因素，阳虚质（B=-0.333，P=0.003）、阴虚质（B=-0.465，P＜0.001）、血瘀质（B=-0.353，P=0.020）、特禀质（B=-0.463，P＜0.001）是超重和肥胖的保护因素。此外，素食为主（B=-0.842，P＜0.001）是超重和肥胖的保护因素，男性（B=0.719，P＜0.001）、荤食为主（B=0.692，P＜0.001）、高血压病史（B=0.434，P＜0.001）和糖尿病病史（B=0.880，P＜0.001）是超重和肥胖的危险因素。结论：超重和肥胖与气虚质、痰湿质、湿热质、气郁质相关的可能性最大，通过“未病先防”等措施对高危体质进行纠正，或许对防控超重和肥胖有效。

关键词：超重和肥胖；中医体质；大学生；Logistic回归分析；横断面研究

Abstract：

Objective: To explore the risk factors, protective factors, and high-risk constitutions related to overweight and obesity among vocational college freshmen. Methods: Using the TCM Constitution Questionnaire and electronic body composition scale, TCM constitution types and body mass index (BMI) were assessed and measured among freshmen enrolled in Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology from 2021 to 2024. The freshmen were divided into a normal weight group and an overweight/obesity group based on BMI criteria. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to explore the related risk factors, protective factors, and high-risk constitutions among freshmen in the overweight/obesity group. Results: A total of 6,569 college freshmen were included in the study. Statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of gender, smoking history, drinking history, dietary structure, and family history (P<0.05). The overweight/obesity group had higher proportions of qi deficiency, phlegm-dampness, damp-heat, and qi stagnation constitutions, while the normal weight group had higher proportions of yang deficiency, yin deficiency, blood stasis, and special diathesis constitutions, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). Among males, the normal weight group had higher proportions of balanced, yin deficiency, and special diathesis constitutions, while the overweight/obesity group had higher proportions of qi deficiency, phlegm-dampness, and qi stagnation constitutions, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). Among females, the normal weight group had higher proportions of balanced, yin deficiency, blood stasis, and special diathesis constitutions, while the overweight/obesity group had higher proportions of qi deficiency, phlegm-dampness, damp-heat, and qi stagnation constitutions, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis incorporating general demographic characteristics and constitution typing revealed that among constitution influencing factors, qi deficiency (B=0.463, P<0.001), phlegm-dampness (B=1.058, P<0.001), damp-heat (B=0.201, P=0.037), and qi stagnation (B=0.468, P<0.001) were risk factors for overweight/obesity, while yang deficiency (B=-0.333, P=0.003), yin deficiency (B=-0.465, P<0.001), blood stasis (B=-0.353, P=0.020), and special diathesis (B=-0.463, P<0.001) were protective factors. Furthermore, a predominantly vegetarian diet (B=-0.842, P<0.001) was a protective factor, while male gender (B=0.719, P<0.001), a predominantly meat-based diet (B=0.692, P<0.001), family history of hypertension (B=0.434, P<0.001), and family history of diabetes (B=0.880, P<0.001) were risk factors for overweight/obesity. Conclusion: Overweight and obesity are most strongly associated with qi deficiency, phlegm-dampness, damp-heat, and qi stagnation constitutions. Correcting these high-risk constitutions through measures such as "preventive treatment of disease" may be effective for the prevention and control of overweight and obesity.

Key words：overweight and obesity; traditional Chinese medicine constitution; college students; Logistic regression analysis; cross-sectional study

发布时间：2025-11-30

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